Flower and fruit set occur at the same time on healthy and affected trees but fruits remain small and ripen earlier. Fruits are much smaller than normal and very firm. Affected trees show leaves with chlorotic yellow spots, recalling zinc deficiency the lower surface shows slightly raised brownish necrotic spots.

The European Plant Protection Organization describes CVC symptoms as 'more obvious on 3 - 6 year-old trees and mainly on sweet orange cultivars. Once the insect has acquired the bacterium, it will be infectious for the remainder of its life. The glassy-winged sharpshooter is an efficient vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa which causes several economically important diseases, including citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), Pierce's disease, phony peach disease, plum leaf scald, and oleander leaf scorch. Yellow sticky traps are useful for monitoring the pest. Eggs are deposited within the epidermis of plant leaves and covered by a white chalk-like substance.The pointed end resembles the keel of a boat. Smooth, flattened, and cigar-shaped (elliptical) with one end more pointed than the other.Slate-colored with patches of rusty-red on the abdomen turning dark brown red eyes.Thin, threadlike, and pointed antennae, located in front of the eyes and point slightly forward at approximately a 60 degree angle.Wings are translucent, smoky-brown, and membranous with reddish veins.Large compound eyes protrude from each side of the head. Cigar-shaped or projectile-shaped with a bulbous head tapering towards the front.Face and legs are yellow-orange, and large eyes are yellow with dark speckles Dark brown with yellow dots on head and middle body segment ( thorax) the bottom of the rear-most body segment ( abdomen) is white with black markings.The metabolism of aromatic amino acids concerned in the crosslinking of insect cuticle. Detection and transmission of a gramnegative, xylem-limited bacterium in sharpshooters from a citrus grove in Florida. Colonization of the sharpshooter vectors, Oncometopia nigricans and Homalodisca coagulata, by xylem-limited bacteria. Dispersion of Homalodisca coagulata (Cicadellidae: Homoptera), a vector of Xylella fastidiosa, into vineyards in southern California. Age determination and the red pigment in the wings of the glassy-winged sharpshooter. San Diego: California Department of Agriculture 2008. Proceedings of the 2008 Pierce's Disease Research Symposium. vitripennis was composed almost entirely of older insects.īextine B, Lauziere I. Finally, field collected insects from several Central Texas vineyards were successfully analyzed for age determination suggesting that the annually reported influx of H. The impact of three environmental conditions on these readings was also investigated and found to have little effect on the age determination, and could be easily accounted for. vitripennis was developed using laboratory-reared insects of known ages varying from 1 to 60 days. In this study, a standard curve for the age determination of H. vitripennis can be determined by calculating the amount of red pigment found in the wings by analyzing high resolution wing photographs with image analysis software. These pigments are believed to be pheomelanin and eumelanin, respectively. vitripennis lifespan, the red pigment darkens and eventually becomes brown/black in color. This insect is the main vector of the plant-pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae), the causal agent of Pierce's disease of grapevines. A red pigment is contained in the wing veins of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).

Glassy winged sharpshooter